Nervous system
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The body's communication and control network
The nervous system is the body’s communication network. It helps control everything we do—thinking, feeling, moving, and even breathing. The system works by sending tiny electrical signals, or messages, through a network of nerves that connect every part of the body to the brain and spinal cord. These messages travel so quickly that the body can respond to things almost instantly, such as pulling your hand away from something hot.
The nervous system is made up of two main parts: the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system, or CNS, includes the brain and spinal cord. It acts like the body’s control center, deciding what actions to take. The peripheral nervous system, or PNS, includes all the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord. It carries messages to and from the rest of the body.
The brain is the most important organ in the nervous system. It stores memories, helps us learn, and controls thoughts and emotions. Different parts of the brain have different jobs—for example, one area helps with movement while another controls vision. The spinal cord is a thick bundle of nerves that runs down the back. It connects the brain to the body and helps carry signals quickly, like a superhighway of information.
The nerves are like wires that carry messages in two directions: from the body to the brain and from the brain to the body. Some nerves control voluntary actions, like moving your fingers or walking. Others control involuntary actions, such as heartbeat, digestion, and breathing. The system also allows us to sense the world through touch, sight, hearing, taste, and smell.
The nervous system uses special cells called neurons to send messages. These neurons pass signals to each other through connections called synapses. Although each signal is tiny, millions of them happen every second, allowing the body and brain to stay in perfect coordination.
Taking care of the nervous system is important for good health. Getting enough sleep, eating nutritious food, and staying calm under stress all help keep the brain and nerves strong. Wearing helmets during sports and avoiding drugs or alcohol also protect the brain and spinal cord from harm. The nervous system works quietly every moment, keeping us alert, moving, and alive.
The nervous system is made up of two main parts: the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system, or CNS, includes the brain and spinal cord. It acts like the body’s control center, deciding what actions to take. The peripheral nervous system, or PNS, includes all the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord. It carries messages to and from the rest of the body.
The brain is the most important organ in the nervous system. It stores memories, helps us learn, and controls thoughts and emotions. Different parts of the brain have different jobs—for example, one area helps with movement while another controls vision. The spinal cord is a thick bundle of nerves that runs down the back. It connects the brain to the body and helps carry signals quickly, like a superhighway of information.
The nerves are like wires that carry messages in two directions: from the body to the brain and from the brain to the body. Some nerves control voluntary actions, like moving your fingers or walking. Others control involuntary actions, such as heartbeat, digestion, and breathing. The system also allows us to sense the world through touch, sight, hearing, taste, and smell.
The nervous system uses special cells called neurons to send messages. These neurons pass signals to each other through connections called synapses. Although each signal is tiny, millions of them happen every second, allowing the body and brain to stay in perfect coordination.
Taking care of the nervous system is important for good health. Getting enough sleep, eating nutritious food, and staying calm under stress all help keep the brain and nerves strong. Wearing helmets during sports and avoiding drugs or alcohol also protect the brain and spinal cord from harm. The nervous system works quietly every moment, keeping us alert, moving, and alive.
What We Can Learn
- The nervous system controls all body activities and reactions.
- It has two main parts: central and peripheral.
- Nerves send messages between the brain, spinal cord, and body.
- Healthy habits protect and strengthen the nervous system.
