Ship

Ship describes large boats capable of long-distance travel on open water. Ships range from container ships stacked with metal boxes, to cruise ships carrying thousands of passengers, to research vessels outfitted with laboratories. Key parts include the hull (body), deck, bridge (control center), engine room, and cargo holds or cabins.

Navigation relies on radar, GPS, sonar, and traditional charts. Modern ships also use autopilot systems and weather routing software to avoid storms. Crews keep watches around the clock, maintaining engines, steering, and monitoring communication channels for safety information.

Ships power global trade by moving raw materials, food, vehicles, and electronics between continents. Bulk carriers haul grain or iron ore; tankers transport oil and chemicals; roll-on/roll-off ships drive vehicles directly onto the deck. Naval ships enforce maritime security, while icebreakers clear polar passages.

Maritime safety regulations address pollution and accidents. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) sets rules for fuel emissions, ballast water, crew training, and emergency drills. Lifeboats, life jackets, firefighting systems, and distress beacons help protect crews and passengers.

Emerging technologies include liquefied natural gas (LNG) fuel, hybrid engines, wind-assist sails, and autonomous surface vessels. Reducing ship emissions, preventing invasive species, and safely recycling old ships remain top priorities for the maritime industry.