Conifer

Conifer is the name for a large group of plants that produce cones. Most conifers are trees, but some are shrubs. They are known for their cones, which hold seeds. Many conifers have narrow leaves shaped like needles or small scales. These leaves usually stay on the plant all year.

Conifers are different from flowering plants. Flowering plants make seeds inside fruits. Conifers do not make flowers or fruits. Instead, they make cones. There are usually two kinds of cones. Male cones produce pollen, which is a fine powder. Female cones hold the seeds. When pollen reaches a female cone, seeds can develop.

Most conifers are evergreen. This means they keep their leaves through all seasons. Pine, fir, spruce, and cedar are common evergreen conifers. A few conifers are deciduous, which means they lose their leaves in autumn. An example is the larch tree. Even deciduous conifers still produce cones.

The leaves of conifers are shaped to survive difficult weather. Needle-like leaves have a small surface area. This reduces water loss. The leaves are often covered with a waxy layer. This layer protects them from cold, wind, and dry air. These features help conifers grow in cold regions, mountains, and dry areas.

Conifers grow in many parts of the world. Large conifer forests are found in the northern parts of North America, Europe, and Asia. These forests are sometimes called taiga. Conifers also grow in warmer places, including mountains and coastal areas. Some conifers can live for hundreds or even thousands of years.

Conifers play an important role in natural environments. They provide shelter for animals throughout the year. Birds use conifer branches for nesting. Many animals eat conifer seeds. Conifers also shape landscapes and forests in many regions.