Plant

Plants are living organisms that belong to the kingdom Plantae. They are found almost everywhere on earth, from mountains to oceans, deserts to forests. Most plants have green parts because of a substance called chlorophyll, which helps them make their own food. Unlike animals, plants do not move from place to place, but they grow and respond to light, water, and gravity.

Plants make their food through a process called photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide from the air, and water from the soil to make a kind of sugar for energy. This process also releases oxygen into the air, which animals and humans need to breathe. The basic materials needed for photosynthesis are absorbed by the roots and leaves of the plant.

Most plants have main parts called roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits. The roots grow underground and take in water and minerals. The stem holds up the plant and carries water and food between the roots and leaves. Leaves are flat parts that capture sunlight. Flowers help the plant reproduce, and fruits often protect the seeds that can grow into new plants.

There are many types of plants. Some are small like grass, while others are large like trees. Flowering plants produce flowers and seeds, while non-flowering plants like ferns and mosses reproduce with spores instead of seeds. Plants can also be grouped by where they live—for example, aquatic plants live in water, while desert plants such as cacti can survive with very little water.

Plants are essential for life on Earth. They are the base of most food chains and provide food, medicine, clothing materials, and building supplies. Forests, made mostly of plants and trees, help clean the air and store water. Without plants, most other forms of life could not survive.

Scientists who study plants are called botanists. They study how plants grow, how they reproduce, and how they interact with their environments. Understanding plants helps people protect nature, grow crops, and care for the planet’s ecosystems.