Louis XV

Louis XV was King of France from 1715 until his death in 1774. He became king when he was only five years old. Because he was a child, France was ruled at first by a regent, which is a person who governs for a young ruler. Louis XV was the great-grandson of Louis XIV. His reign lasted nearly sixty years, making it one of the longest in French history.

Louis XV was born in 1710 at the Palace of Versailles. Versailles was the main royal palace of France and the center of court life. When Louis XIV died, Louis XV became king, but real power was held by Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, the regent. During this time, the government tried to fix money problems left from earlier wars. When Louis XV became old enough, he began to rule on his own.

As king, Louis XV depended heavily on advisers and ministers. A minister is a high official who helps run the government. One important minister was Cardinal Fleury, who guided France for many years. Under Fleury, France avoided major wars and improved its finances. After Fleury died, Louis XV took a more direct role but often allowed others close to him to influence decisions.

Louis XV ruled during several major wars. These included the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years’ War. These wars involved many European powers and fighting in Europe, North America, and other regions. France lost some land and influence as a result. Wars were costly and increased the government’s debt, which means money that the state owed.

Life at the royal court continued to be centered at Versailles. The court was the group of nobles and officials who lived near the king. Louis XV was known for spending much time at court rather than traveling across France. He also became known for his personal relationships, including several official companions known as royal favorites. These people sometimes had political influence.

Louis XV died in 1774 at Versailles. He was succeeded by his grandson, Louis XVI. By the end of Louis XV’s reign, France faced serious problems, including debt and public dissatisfaction. These problems continued into the next reign. Louis XV is remembered as a king whose long rule saw both periods of stability and growing difficulties for France.